What is the primary target cell for HIV infection?

The primary target cell for HIV infection is CD4 T lymphocytes, also known as T helper cells. These cells play a crucial role in the immune system by coordinating the immune response. HIV specifically binds to the CD4 receptor and a co-receptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4) on these cells, facilitating the virus's entry into the host cell.

Once inside, HIV replicates and ultimately leads to the destruction of these CD4 cells, which diminishes the body's ability to fight infections and diseases. Over time, the depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes results in immunodeficiency, paving the way for the development of AIDS.

While other cell types such as macrophages and B cells are also involved in the immune response and can be affected by HIV, they are not the primary target for initial infection. Macrophages can also be infected by the virus but do not play as central a role as CD4 T lymphocytes. Understanding this targeting of CD4 T cells is critical for grasping the pathogenesis of HIV and the progression to AIDS.