AIDS Certified Registered Nurse (ACRN) Certification Practice Exam

The correct answer revolves around the significant role of antiretroviral medication during pregnancy in preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Administering antiretroviral therapy to the mother during pregnancy substantially reduces the viral load, which minimizes the likelihood of transmitting the virus to the child during childbirth. This intervention is supported by extensive research that highlights how effective antiretroviral treatment can lower the risk of MTCT to less than 1% when adhered to properly.

In contrast, breastfeeding is associated with a risk of HIV transmission if the mother is not receiving effective antiretroviral therapy, as the virus can be present in breast milk. Home births may lack the access to immediate medical interventions that can be critical if complications arise or if the mother’s HIV status is not adequately managed. Avoiding prenatal care completely eliminates the necessary monitoring and treatment opportunities that are essential for safeguarding both the mother’s health and the baby’s health, particularly regarding HIV management.

Hence, antiretroviral medication during pregnancy emerges as a proven and vital strategy in the comprehensive approach to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.